Paleontological Species Occurance Datamodel: Entity Documentation

A data model for paleontological species occurances

Entity Documentation

Entity Name: HIGHER_TAXON

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Entity Name: PROPOSED_COMBINATION

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Entity Name: UNAVAILIBLE

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Entity Name: INVALID_PUBLISHED

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Entity Name: VALID

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Entity Name: ORIGINAL_FORM_OF_SPECIES_NAME

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Entity Name: NOMENCLATORIAL_ACT

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Entity Name: INTERPRETIVE_INFORMATION

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Entity Name: IDENTIFICATION

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Entity Name: CHARACTER

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Entity Name: BIOLOGICAL

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Entity Name: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL_INFORMATION

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Entity Name: INTERPRETATION

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Entity Name: LITHOLOGY

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Entity Name: INT_COM_PUB_ASSOCIATION

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Entity Name: PUB_PALE_LITH_ASSOCIATION

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Entity Name: OCCURANCE

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Entity Name: OBJECT_VOUCHER

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Entity Name: LITERATURE_VOUCHER

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- [name]
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Entity Name: TYPE_TAXON

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- [name]
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Entity Name: SUBSTRATE_TYPE

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Entity Definitions and descriptions are listed in alphabetical order below. Lists of entities in alphabetical order and conceptual order are also available as indices.

Format for Entity Descriptions

Entity Name:The Name of the Entity

Supertype: If Entity is a subtype, the Entity to which it is a subtype is noted here
Definition: A description of the kind of information that Entity covers
Comments: Further explanation or examples.
Region: Portion of the model to which entity belongs, Color coded.
Security: Notes on the control of access to information in the model. Unless otherwise specified, the following assumptions are made: 1) editing of data is restricted to authorized in-house personnel, 2) in general, reading of data is possible by any interested party, 3) transaction management region data is considered private with access to authorized personnel only, 4) exact geographic location data is considered to be not available to the general public, but able to be made available on a case by case basis to interested researchers.
Source: A reference to the authorship of this Entity if it draws substantially from another data model.
Primary Key: The Name of the Primary Key of Entity (if any)
- Definition: A description of the primary key
- Domain: Description of the kind of information that can be found in the key
  - Key
  - Integers
  - Real Numbers
  - String: Character string
  - Boolean: Logical True False
  - Lists of values: e.g. 'North, South, East, West'
- Business Rules: Rules for the assignment of values to the key
Foreign Keys:
- The names of any Foreign Keys in Entity, along with their:
  - Target Entity: The Entity to which the Foreign key refers
  - Definition:
  - Domain:
  - Business Rules:
Other Attributes:
- The names of all other attributes in Entity, along with their:
  - Definition:
  - Domain:
  - Business Rules:
Notes: any pertinent notes concerning implementation or why the entity was designed in the way that it was.

Definitions

Domain - Key: Any valid integer of up to ten digits.
Domain - Date: Any valid date including day, month, and four digit year.
Domain - Character String: Any valid Character String of specified length.
Domain - Memo: Blank or any valid Character string stored in a variable length field - unstructured text.
Domain - Logical: Boolean True or False.
Set: A set in the mathematical sense - a set of zero to many things.
ICZN: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Current edition is the third (1985), a fourth edition is currently scheduled to take effect in 1999.
Specimen: In general a single fossil, but in discussions of type specimens also refers to type lots containing more than a single specimen (e.g. paratype lot).

Entity Documentation

Entity Name: 1D_LOCATION

Subtype of LOCATION
Definition: A linear distance in some specified units.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC
Primary Key: LOCATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of LOCATION.
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- LINEAR_DISTANCE
  - Definition: A linear distance.
  - Domain: All Real Numbers.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
- UNITS
  - Definition: The units in which the linear distance is measured.
  - Domain: Millimeters, Centimeters, Meters, Kilometers, Inches, Feet, Yards, Miles.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick list, Allow Additions, Required.
Notes:

Entity Name: 3D_LOCATION

Subtype of LOCATION
Definition: A location on or near the surface of the Earth specified in three dimensions.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC
Primary Key: LOCATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of LOCATION.
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- 2D_LOCATION
  - Target Entity: LEGAL_SURVEY_2D_LOCATION
  - Definition: The latitude and longitude of the 3d Location
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of LEGAL_SURVEY_2D_LOCATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
- ELEVATION
  - Target Entity: 1D_LOCATION
  - Definition: The Elevation of the 3d Location Any valid primary key of 1D_LOCATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Other Attributes: None

Entity Name: AUTHOR

Definition: An agent who serves as an author of a publication.
Region:Publication
Source: Modified from PaleoBank entity AUTHOR
Primary Key: AUTHOR_ID
- Definition: Arbitrary unique identifier for Author
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Required, Automatic
Foreign Keys:
- AGENT_ID
  - Target Entity: AGENT
  - Definition: The agent who is an author
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of Agent (including those of subtype organization)
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Other Attributes:
- NAME
  - Definition: The surname, initials, and prefix/suffix of an author.
  - Domain: Character string representing a name
  - Business Rules: Required, Semimanual.
  - Notes: The attributes of this entity are used to construct the Authors name for reports that include bibliographic citations. This attribute can be assembled automatically from the attributes of Person or from the name of an Organization. Entry of a name that is not an agent forces the creation of a new agent. The conversion from the attributes of Person follows this example:
    - PERSON-->SURNAME: Miller
    - PERSON-->INITIALS: W.M.
    - PERSON-->SUFFIX_MODIFIERS: III
    - becomes:
    - NAME: Miller, W.M., III
- COMMENT
  - Definition: Any comments concerning this author as an author.
  - Domain: Null, Memo
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual, Default to Null.

Entity Name: AUTHOR_PUB_ASSOCIATION

Definition: An associative entity that links authors to publications.
Comments: Allows the identification of a list of authors for a publication.
Region:Publication
Source: Modified from PaleoBank entity AUTH-PUB-TAX
Primary Key: None
Foreign Keys:
- AUTHOR_ID
  - Target Entity:AUTHOR
  - Definition: An author of Publication
  - Domain:
  - Business Rules:
- PUBLICATION_ID
  - Target Entity:PUBLICATION
  - Definition: A publication that Author is an author on.
  - Domain:
  - Business Rules:
Other Attributes:
- POSITION_IN_LIST
  - Definition:
  - Domain: Sole, Last, An integer representing location of author's name in list of authors.
  - Business Rules:
  - Notes: Papers with a single author take on value Sole, Papers with more than one Author use Integer (starting with 1) for each author in the list except the last which is given the value Last. This allows the reconstruction of a list of authors in the correct order and can signal when to terminate a search for authors. It can also serve as an error check, as each paper should only be linked to a set of AUTHOR_PUB_ASSOCIATIONS that can have their POSITION_IN_LISTs assembled into a serial set of integers (with a terminator).

Entity Name: AUTHORITY

Definition:A source for information indicating that a instance of COLLECTING_EVENT was collected from a particular STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT.
Comments: Authorities may be agents or citations.
Region:Provenance
Source: This Model
Primary Key: AUTHORITY_ID
- Definition: Unique arbitrary identifier for AUTHORITY
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys:
- CITATION_ID
  - Target Entity: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_CITATION
  - Definition: Citation in which stratigraphic context for locality is mentioned
  - Domain: Null, Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_CITATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Null
- AGENT_ID
  - Target Entity:AGENT
  - Definition: Agent who provides authority on stratigraphic context for locality.
  - Domain: Null, Any valid primary key of AGENT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Null
Other Attributes:
- KIND_OF_AUTHORITY
  - Definition: Nature of the authority making the statement.
  - Domain: Specimen Label, Agent, Citation, Agent and Citation, Other.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick List, Required
- NOTES
  - Definition: Text notes concerning the authoritative statement.
  - Domain: Memo.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional

Entity Name: BINOMIAL_TAXON

Subtype: Supertype is TAXON_NAME
Definition: A Binomial Taxon is a taxonomic group that uses at least a name consisting of at least two parts (Generic name and trivial epithet) for its unique specification. That is, a taxon of species or lower rank.
Comments:Binomial Taxa include species, subspecies, and named varieties. As many as 9 pieces of information may be needed to uniquely identify a name (Generic name, Subgeneric name, Trivial name, Subspeices name, Varietal name, Author, Year, Page, Plate), though in most cases Generic name and trivial name are sufficient.
Region:Taxonomy
Source: This Model
Primary Key: TAXON_NAME_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of TAXON_NAME
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited.
Foreign Keys:
- GENUS
  - Target Entity: HIGHER_TAXON
  - Definition: Genus in which binomial taxon is placed.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of HIGHER_TAXON of Linnean rank of Genus.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
Other Attributes:
- SUBGENERIC
  - Definition: Subgenus in which binomial taxon is placed.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of HIGHER_TAXON of Linnean rank of Subgenus.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional.
- TRIVIAL
  - Definition: Trivial epithet of binomen.
  - Domain: Character string (35) representing a trivial name.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
- ORIGINAL
  - Definition: The Generic name of the Genus into which the Binomial Taxon was originally placed.
  - Domain: Unknown but different, Not changed from original, Character String representing a generic name.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required, Default to Unknown but different.
  - Notes: Author and year must be enclosed in parentheses in all output if this attribute has any value other than Not changed from original.
- SUBSPECIES
  - Definition: A subspecies name attached to a binomen
  - Domain: Null, Character String
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null
- VARIETY
  - Definition: A varietal name attached to a binomen
  - Domain: Null, Character String
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null
Notes: The citation of a species name involves a minimum of HIGHER_TAXON-->GENERIC plus TRIVIAL but may require up to the following elements for unique specification:
- HIGHER_TAXON--> GENERIC
- SUBGENERIC
- TRIVIAL
- SUBSPECIES
- VARIETY
- TAXON_NAME--> PUBLICATION--> AUTHOR_PUB_ASSOCIATION--> AUTHOR [List of Authors]
- TAXON_NAME--> PUBLICATION--> YEAR
- PAGE_REFERENCE
- PLATE_REFERENCE
Note that often not all of this information will be available with a species that has been identified to the species level, so that some ambiguity may exist exactly what taxonomic concept was intended when a name was applied to a collections object. Substantial validation could be added to the formation of binomial names. Most of these checks are not appropriate for collections use, as a primary function of this datamodel is to capture the names that appear on specimen labels or in specimen catalogues in their original form regardless of whether their spelling or grammatical construction is correct or in error. A corollary of this principle is that searches of taxonomic names should be constructed to be able to return potentially incorrectly constructed or misspelled names.

Entity Name: BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC_ZONE

Subtype of TEMPORAL_PERIOD
Definition: A formally or informally described interval of geologic time of rank Zone identified by occurrence of one or more taxa of fossils.
Comments:
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- ZONE_NAME
  - Definition: The name of the biostratigraphic zone
  - Domain: Character String
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
- RANK_OF_ZONE
  - Definition: An indicator of the rank of the biostratigraphic zone
  - Domain: Informal, Biozone, Subzone, Superzone.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual, Default to Biozone.
Notes: Relationships between adjacent zones are tracked through relations Between Temporal Periods and Temporal Events. Relationships between Biozones, subzones, and superzones are tracked through recursive relationships among temporal objects, if needed.

Entity Name: BOOK

Subtype of PUBLICATION
Definition:
Comments:
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank entity
Primary Key: PUBLICATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of PUBLICATION
- Domain: Any valid primary key of Publication
- Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- ISBN
  - Definition: The International Standard Book Number for the Book, if any
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing an ISBN number
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional.
- KIND
  - Definition: Indicator for kind of publication represented by Book
  - Domain: Book, Unpublished MS Thesis, Unpublished U.S. Ph.D. Dissertation, Unpublished (non U.S.) Ph.D. Dissertation.
  - Business Rules: Required, Default to Book, Semimanual, Pick List.
- TOTAL_PAGES
  - Definition: The number of pages in Book, exclusive of front matter.
  - Domain: Positive Integer
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
- VOLUME_NUMBER
  - Definition: The volume number of the Book, if part of a series.
  - Domain: Null, Character String representing a volume number.
  - Business Rules:
- EDITION
  - Definition: The number of the Edition of the Book.
  - Domain: Null, Positive integer representing an edition number.
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Null, Manual.
  - Notes: Must be an edition number, not a date of publication.
- TOTAL_PAGES_FRONT_MATTER
  - Definition: The number of pages of front matter in the Book, if any.
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing a roman numeral.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- NUMBER_OF_FIGURES
  - Definition: The number of figures in the Book, if any.
  - Domain: Null, Integer representing a number of figures.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- NUMBER_OF_PLATES
  - Definition: The number of plates in the Book, if any.
  - Domain: Null, Integer representing a number of plates
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
Notes:

Entity Name: BOOK_PUB_ASSOCIATION

Definition: Associative entity relating BOOKs to PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITYs
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank
Primary Key: None
Foreign Keys:
- PUBLISHER_ID
  - Target Entity: PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITY
  - Definition: Publisher involved in publication of Book
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITY
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- BOOK_ID
  - Target Entity:BOOK
  - Definition: Book published by Publisher
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of BOOK
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
Other Attributes: None

Entity Name: CAST

Subtype of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
Definition:A physical copy of a collections object.
Comments: This entity is for molds, casts, and other such physical duplicates in positive or negative of collections objects.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This model
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary Key of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- MEDIUM
  - Definition: A description of the material out of which cast is made. (e.g., latex, plaster, epoxy, fiberglass...)
  - Domain: Character String representing a type of material
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Pick list or direct entry.
- DIMENSIONALY_STABLE
  - Definition: A dimensionally stable cast preserves the dimensions of the original object (e.g., does not shrink)
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, required, automatic assignment for values on pick list of MEDIUM.
- NUMBER_OF_DUPLICATES
  - Definition: A count of the number of physical duplicates of the original collections object are present in the cast collections object.
  - Domain: Integer
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
  - Notes: Probably only given to one or two significant digits.
- KIND_OF_DUPLICATE
  - Definition: A description of whether the copy of the original collections object is a mold from which more casts can be made, or a set of one or more casts.
  - Domain: Mold (negative), Cast (positive).
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Pick list.
  - Note: A mold is here defined as a physical copy of a collections object that can be used to create positive copies of the original biological object that formed the fossil. Casts are defined as physical copies of collections objects that are in and of themselves positive copies of the original biological object that formed the fossil. Thus latex painted onto a snail and peeled off would form a mold, while latex painted into a cavity in a rock that preserves a cast of a snail shell would form a cast, though in both cases the latex is a first generation copy of a collections object.

Entity Name: COLL_STRAT_ASSOCIATION

Definition: Associative entity relating collections events to authoritative statements concerning their stratigraphic context.
Comments: This entity allows multiple vouchered opinions to be entered concerning the temporal or lithostratigraphic context of a collecting event. For example: an original label that specifies a Devonian age, and a latter annotation that indicates that rocks from this collecting event are now considered to be Silurian can both be accommodated (analogous to multiple annotations on specimen labels).
Region:Provenance
Source: This Model.
Primary Key: None
Foreign Keys:
- COLLECTING_EVENT_ID
  - Target Entity: COLLECTING_EVENT
  - Definition: The collecting event for which stratigraphic context is being ascribed by authority.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of COLLECTING_EVENT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
- AUTHORITY_ID
  - Target Entity: AUTHORITY
  - Definition: The authority who is ascribing a stratigraphic context to a collecting event
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of AUTHORITY
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional
- STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
  - Target Entity: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
  - Definition: The stratigraphic context that authority is ascribing to a collecting event
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Other Attributes:

Entity Name: COLLECTING_EVENT

Definition: The act of collecting a set of collections objects at a particular place (earth surface feature) and time.
Region: Provenance
Source: ASC entity COLLECTING_EVENT
Primary Key: COLLECTING_EVENT_ID
- Definition: An arbitrary unique identifier for each Collecting Event
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- LOCALITY
  - Target Entity: EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE
  - Definition: Geographic location where the collecting event occurred.
  - Domain: Key
  - Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Other Attributes:
- TEXT_DESCRIPTION
  - Definition: Verbatim text of the original description of the collecting event.
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required
  - Security: Access to this attribute should be limited to in-house personnel.
  - Notes: A literal quotation of whatever original information is available concerning the collecting event. This may be limited data from an old specimen label (Dev. Prum), or a reference to a locality number, or a detailed quotation from a field notebook. Note that the verbatim text of locality descriptions is stored separately in Original Locality Description.
- SOURCE_OF_TEXT_DESCRIPTION
  - Definition: Source from which the verbatim text of the original description of the collecting event was quoted.
  - Domain: Character String (72)
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required
- COLLECTING_EVENT_TYPE
  - Definition: Description of the nature of the collecting event (e.g drill core, surface collection).
  - Domain: Character String
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Select From Pick List
- STATED_TIME
  - Definition: Specification to the best of available knowledge of the point or interval in time during which collecting event occurred.
  - Domain: Character String
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required, It is recommended that the data entry form provide both a date field in date format and a character string field, with the user being able to chose entry into one of these. Should the entry be in the date field, it should be checked for validity and sensibility - specifically dates later than the current system date should be questioned, and precise dates more than 200 years old should be questioned.
  - Notes: This could be anything from a very broad guess (Probably late 1800s), to a very specific time (9 AM, Oct 26, 1994 AD). Typically it will be a date (28 Nov 1982), but many cases will vary.
- COLLECTING_EVENT_COMMENTS
  - Definition: Comments
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional
Notes: In comparison with the ASC model, all collecting events are assumed to be Paleo-Collecting-Events, thus the classification attribute, collecting-event-type is not needed here.

Entity Name: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT

Supertype. Exclusive subtypes are CORE, BULK_SAMPLE, LOT, SPECIMEN_COMPONENT, DERIVED_OBJECT.
Definition:A Collections Object is an operational sample consisting of a set of zero to many physical objects resulting from a single collecting event that has reached at least stage 2 in the collections continuum (that is, the set of objects and their basic data are safe).
Comments: Collections objects are defined as a set so as to be able to include such disparate things as unsorted bulk samples, type specimens, destroyed specimens (thus the possibility of an empty set of objects), and derivative objects such as photographs. Note that all subtypes and their subtypes are mutually exclusive. Collections objects (in essence, specimens) are the central items in a paleontological collection, so as in the ASC model, this entity is the heart of the model - all the rest of the model serves to relate data to collections objects. Physical objects at less than stage 2 in the curation continuum are entered as acquisition items.
Region: Collections Object
Source: Modified from ASC Model Entity: COLLECTING-UNIT
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: An arbitrary unique identifier for each collections object.
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic
- Note: A surrogate key rather than a specimen number is used here to allow for the possibility that collections can renumber their specimens and produce an old set of specimen numbers and a new set of specimen numbers that overlap and result in non-unique numbers. Likewise, a collection might use a single specimen number to represent a single physical object (such as a slab) that has several identified fossils of different taxa upon it. A collections object may have multiple informal identifications, but it is assumed that each of these refers to the same set of physical objects.
Foreign Keys:
- COLLECTING_EVENT_ID
  - Target Entity: COLLECTING_EVENT
  - Definition: The collecting event in which the collections object was collected.
  - Domain: Any valid primary Key of Collecting Event
  - Business Rules: Semiautomatic, Inherited from parent collections object in division by curatorial action or in subdivisions related through a recursive relationship [is parent of]. All collections objects derived in any way from other collections objects inherit their collecting event.
- CONTANING_OBJECT
  - Definition: A collections object from which this collections object was derived by means other than a curatorial action
  - Domain: Key
  - Business Rules: Optional, Semimanual
- TYPE_SPECIMEN_ID
  - Definition: Indication that the collections object is a type specimen or some other form of voucher specimen.
  - Domain: Key
  - Business Rules: Optional, Semimanual
- STORAGE_LOC_ID
  - Definition: Storage location where the collections object should be located.
  - Domain: Key
  - Business Rules: Required, Semimanual
  - Note: For collections objects that are out on loan, this represents the location from which they were taken when the loan was prepared.
- CURATED_FROM
  - Definition: Curatorial Action that resulted in the creation of this collections object from some parent collections object.
  - Domain: Null, Any valid primary key of CURATORIAL_ACTION
  - Business Rules: Optional, Semimanual, Default to null.
Other Attributes:
- CATALOG_NUMBER
  - Definition: The number assigned to the collections object in the current specimen catalog of its repository.
  - Domain: Key
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual
  - Note: Catalog numbers may not be unique to every collections object, in addition there are derived collections objects (such as bitmap images) which do not normally bear unique catalog numbers. Catalog Numbers may or may not be inherited from other collections objects.
- KIND_OF_COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
  - Definition: Classification attribute, indicating the type of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
  - Domain: Core, Bulk Sample, Lot, Specimen Component, Derived Object.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Picklist, Required.
- ASSOCIATION_OF_INTEREST_NOTES
  - Definition: Notes describing an association of fossils in the collection object that is of inherent interest.
  - Domain: Null, Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
  - Notes: Used to flag interesting associations and other observations concerning collections objects that are not otherwise provided for (such as the association of a trackway with the organism that made it).
- APPRAISED_VALUE
  - Definition: Monetary value assigned to a collections object by an appraiser.
  - Domain: Integer representing a monetary value in U.S. Dollars
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Picklist, Optional.
  - Security: Visible only to authorized collections personnel
Notes: 1) This entity is conceptual derived from the ASC entity COLLECTING-UNIT, but differs in two important ways. First, the subtypes of Collections_Object have been specifically designed to embody the concepts of the collections continuum. Second, the tracking of the derivation of one collections object from another is handled by a recursive relationship to other collections objects or through a pair of links to curatorial action. Thus a bulk sample can be divided into lots, and these lots can be further subdivided into lots with additional collection information added (e.g. sceiving part of a bulk sample into a lot of mixed taxa, then sorting this lot into a series of monospecific lots). Each collections object in this series bears a unique number, and these are related to each other through a curatorial action. Thus the bulk sample may still exist in the collection (with a unique number) the lot of mixed taxa may have been totally divided into monospecific lots and no longer exist as a physical object, but it is still retained as a collections object (an empty set) linked to both the original bulk sample and the derived monospecific lots through curatorial actions. Likewise, a single specimen cemented in place on a gridded slide may have been identified and be a unique collections object related to its slide (another collections object) through the recursive relationship [is parent of]. 2) Note that the subtypes of collections object are mutually exclusive (and this property extends down through the subtype hierarchy). Thus a bulk sample, as fossil snail removed from that bulk sample, and a photograph of that snail are all simultaneously existing but different collections objects (related to each other as noted above).

Entity Name: COMPLEX_SPATIAL_OBJECT

Subtype of SPATIAL_OBJECT
Supertype. Subtypes are WELL, EARTH_POSITION_COMPOSITE
Definition: Spatial objects with a complex geometry.
Comment: Wells and regions defined by a list of boundary points.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC Model
Primary Key: SPATIAL_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of SPATIAL_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required, Inherited.
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_OF_COMPLEX_SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Definition: Classification attribute
  - Domain: Well, Composite
  - Business Rules: Required, Semimanual.

Entity Name: CORE

Subtype of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
Definition: A cylindrical body of rock extracted from a drill hole into the surface of the earth.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This Model
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited unique identifier of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
- Domain: Any valid primary key of Collections Object
- Business Rules: Inherited
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes
- SPLIT
  - Definition: Indicator of whether core is intact or is a hemispherical split from a core.
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
- FROZEN
  - Definition: Indicator of whether core needs to be kept frozen below 0 degrees C.
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required

Entity Name: EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE

Supertype. Non-exclusive subtypes are GEOLOGIC_PROVINCE, GEOGRAPHIC_FEATURE, GEOPOLITICAL_FEATURE, and OUTCROP.
Definition: A place or region on or near the surface of the Earth at or within which Collecting events can or have occurred.
Comments: Geographic information is handled with four concepts. Verbatim text of locality descriptions is stored in ORIGINAL_LOCALITY_DESCRIPTION to reduce the chance of data loss or errors. Locations are specified through three sets of entities. Names of places are stored in as Earth Surface Features, These are related to Locations through Spatial Objects which store the number of Locations (points located by Latitude and Longitude) required to define the outline of an Earth Surface Feature.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key:EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE_ID
- Definition: Arbitrary unique identifier for EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- CONTANING_FEATURE
  - Target Entity: EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE
  - Definition: An Earth Surface Feature that is larger than and contains this instance of Earth Surface Feature.
  - Domain: Null, Any valid primary key of EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to null.
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_OF_FEATURE
  - Definition: Classification attribute.
  - Domain: Geologic Province, Geographic Feature, Geopolitical Feature, Outcrop.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.

Entity Name: EARTH_POSITION_COMPOSITE

Subtype of SPATIAL_OBJECT
Definition: A complex region on the surface of the Earth defined by a list of boundary points.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC Model
Primary Key: SPATIAL_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of SPATIAL_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required, Inherited.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- NUMBER_OF_POINTS
  - Definition: The number of locations comprising the points that define the boundary of the Earth Position Composite.
  - Domain: All positive integers.
  - Business Rules: Required, Semimanual.
  - Notes: Provides an error check on number of links defined in Location_EPC_Composite.

Entity Name: ELEC_PUB_ASSOCIATION

Definition: Associative entity relating ELECTRONIC_PUBLICATIONs to PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITYs
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank
Primary Key: None
Foreign Keys:
- PUBLISHER_ID
  - Target Entity: PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITY
  - Definition: Publisher involved in publication of Electronic Publication
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITY
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- ELECTRONIC_PUBLICATION_ID
  - Target Entity:ELECTRONIC_PUBLICATION
  - Definition: Electronic Publication published by Publisher
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of ELECTRONIC_PUBLICATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
Other Attributes: None

Entity Name: ELECTRONIC_PUBLICATION

Subtype of PUBLICATION
Definition: Bibliographic reference to an electronic publication
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank entity ELECTRONIC PUBLICATION
Primary Key: PUBLICATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of PUBLICATION
- Domain: Any valid primary key of Publication
- Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Foreign Keys:
- JOURNAL_ID
  - Target Entity: JOURNAL_OR_SERIES
  - Definition: The journal or series that published the Electronic Publication
  - Domain: Null, Any Valid primary key of JOURNAL_OR_SERIES
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Default to Null.
Other Attributes:
- TYPE
  - Definition: The type of information in the electronic publication
  - Domain: Data Base, Bulletin Board, Web Site, Email Message, List Server Archive, Data File, Journal Article, Monograph, Book, Other
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick List, Required.
- MEDIUM
  - Definition: The medium in which the Electronic Publication is available
  - Domain: Online, Disc, Tape, CD-ROM, Null.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick List, Required.
- PLATFORM_AND_FORMAT
  - Definition: The information needed to establish how to read the Electronic Publication
  - Domain: Character string representing format description
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- EDITION/VERSION
  - Definition: The number or other designation for the version, update, or other edition of the Electronic Publication
  - Domain: Character String representing version information
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- DATE_OF_UPDATE
  - Definition: The date of the version of the Electronic Publication
  - Domain: Null, Date
  - Business Rules: Optional, Semimanual, Default to Null.
- URL_OR_OTHER_ACCESS
  - Definition: Information on how to obtain a copy of the Electronic Publication
  - Domain: Null, Part of Publication, Character String Representing a source.
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Null, Semimanual, If Part of Publication then the instance Publication that is this Electronic Publication must also be a Part of Publication.
  - Notes: Can be a URL, a mailing address, a name and phone number or any other suitable contact for obtaining a copy of Electronic Publication
- LOCATION_WITHIN_ELECTRONIC_PUBLICATION
  - Definition: Any information that is needed to identify which part of some larger electronic document or set of documents is the Electronic Publication.
  - Domain: Null, Memo.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
  - Notes: This might include a list of files on a Web Site, line numbers within a file, or record numbers within a database.

Entity Name: EXCHANGE_AGREEMENT

Subtype of GOVERNING_AGREEMENT.
Definition: An Agreement in which the repository exchanges transaction items with another Agent for the mutual enhancement of both collections.
Comments: Loans are not covered under an exchange agreement, only Acquisitions and Deaccessions.
Region:Transaction Management
Security: Access to Transaction management data should be limited to in-house personnel.
Source: Modified from SI model.
Primary Key: AGREEMENT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of GOVERNING_AGREEMENT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_OF_EXCHANGE_AGREEMENT
  - Definition: Description of the expected longevity of the exchange agreement
  - Domain: One-Time, Ongoing, Specified Duration
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick list, Required.
- INITAL_BALANCE
  - Definition: If an exchange agreement has been in existence prior to its entry into the database, the balance of the number of specimens exchanged between the two institutions. If an exchange agreement is new the balance is zero by default. Balance is the number of specimens that have been deaccessioned under the exchange agreement minus the number of specimens that have been acquired under the exchange agreement.
  - Domain: Integer representing a number of transaction items
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Zero, Manual
  - Initial Balance may be implemented as a count of transaction items or as a monetary value.

Entity Name: FORMAL_IDENTIFICATION

Subtype of DETERMINATION
Definition: A determination applied to a primary type or other voucher specimen.
Comments: This entity should be used for determinations of available names. Determinations of manuscript types and other nomina nuda should be made through Informal Identification.
Region:Taxonomy
Source: This Model
Primary Key: DETERMINATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of DETERMINATION
- Domain: Any valid primary Key of Determination
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys:
- TYPE
  - Target Entity: TYPE_OR_VOUCHER
  - Definition: Type collections object to which this identification was applied
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of TYPE_OR_VOUCHER
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
  - Notes: Key of TYPE_OR_VOUCHER is not a surrogate key.
- CITATION_OF_TYPE
  - Target Entity:TAXONOMIC_CITATION
  - Definition: Citation of a Publication that names the type specimen
  - Domain:
  - Business Rules:
Other Attributes: None

Entity Name: FORMER_CATALOG_NUMBER

Definition: A number assigned to a collections object in any prior curatorial cataloging scheme other than that being currently used by the current repository to uniquely identify the collections object.
Comments: Former catalog numbers may arise as the result of renumbering of collections within an institution or by the transfer of a collection (from a private collector to a repository or from one repository to another). Former catalog numbers do not include field numbers assigned by a collector (these being attributes of collection events), but only catalog numbers assigned in some later stage of curation that uniquely identify objects. Former Catalog Numbers also do not include numbers assigned within the current cataloging scheme that are being subdivided into multiple lots (as for example, the assignment of new catalog numbers to sorted lots derived from a catalogued bulk sample). Such subdivisions of existing collections objects into new collections objects is handled by a recursive relationship to the original collections object (through curatorial action, preparation, or by direct recursive relationship).
Region: Collections Object
Source: This Model
Primary Key: FORMER_CATALOG_NUMBER_ID
- Definition: Unique arbitrary identifier for FORMER_CATALOG_NUMBER
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys:
- OBJECT_WITH_NUMBER
  - Target Entity: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
  - Definition: The collections object bearing an old catalog number
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
- SOURCE
  - Target Entity: SOURCE_OF_OLD_CATALOG_NUMBERS
  - Definition: The source from which the old catalog number came
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of SOURCE_OF_OLD_CATALOG_NUMBERS
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Other Attributes:
- FORMER_CATALOG_NUMBER
  - Definition: Any number or identifier such as a specimen number applied to a collections object, in order to relate it to data or identify it within a collection, that is not the current Collections Object ID or the current Catalogue Number of the collections object.
  - Domain: Character string representing a catalogue number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required, Validate against SOURCE_OF_OLD_CATALOG_NUMBERS-->FIRST_NUMBER and SOURCE_OF_OLD_CATALOG_NUMBERS-->LAST_NUMBER.
  - Notes: Will not usually include accession numbers, but may include field numbers, or numbers in former catalogues of another institution or private collector.
Notes: Collections objects may bear multiple, non unique former catalogue numbers as they are transferred from collection to collection or as collections change numbering schemes. More than one collections object can validly bear the same former catalogue number.

Entity Name: GEOCHRONOLOGIC_AGE

Subtype of GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ZONE
Definition: A formally defined interval of geologic time of rank Age
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- CONTAINING_EPOCH
  - Target Entity:GEOCHRONOLOGIC_EPOCH
  - Definition: The Epoch that contains Geochronologic Age.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ZONE
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual
Other Attributes: None.

Entity Name: GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ERA

Subtype of GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ZONE
Definition: A formally defined chronostratigraphic interval of geologic time of rank Era
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- EON
  - Definition: Eon that contains instance of Geochronologic Era.
  - Domain: Phanerozoic, Proterozoic, Archean
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Picklist.

Entity Name: GEOCHRONOLOGIC_EPOCH

Subtype of GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ZONE
Definition: A formally defined chronostratigraphic interval of geologic time of rank Epoch
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- CONTAINING_PERIOD
  - Target Entity:GEOCHRONOLOGIC_PERIOD
  - Definition: The Period that contains Geochronologic Epoch.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ZONE
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual
Other Attributes: None

Entity Name: GEOCHRONOLOGIC_PERIOD

Subtype of GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ZONE
Definition: A formally defined chronostratigraphic interval of geologic time of rank Period
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- CONTAINING_ERA
  - Target Entity:GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ERA
  - Definition: The Era that contains Geochronologic Period.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ZONE
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual
Other Attributes: None.

Entity Name: FOSSIL_ON_SLIDE_(XY)

Subtype of SUBSET_OF_LARGER_OBJECT
Definition: A collections object consisting of a single fossil occupying a single location defined by x and y coordinates on a microscope slide.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This Model.
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary Key of SUBSET_OF_LARGER_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- X_COORDINATE
  - Definition: The distance along the X axis (here defined as along the long axis of the slide) on which the fossil can be found on the microscope slide
  - Domain: Real Number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required
- Y_COORDINATE
  - Definition: The distance along the Y axis on which the fossil can be found on the microscope slide
  - Domain: Real Number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required
- UNITS
  - Definition: The units for the distances along the x and y axises
  - Domain: Character String.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick list with additions allowed, Required
- ORIGIN
  - Definition: The location on the slide that marks the origin of the x and y axises
  - Domain: Upper right, upper left, Lower Right, Lower Left, Marked Point, Center.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick list.
Notes: A fossil on a slide should be related to a Slide through a recursive relationship of Collections Object.

Entity Name: FOSSIL_ON_SLAB

Subtype of SUBSET_OF_LARGER_OBJECT
Definition: An individual fossil found on a Slab with other fossils of the same or other species.
Comments: Used, for example, to identify a Type specimen that is on a slab containing other fossils that may or may not be identified.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This Model.
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary Key of SUBSET_OF_LARGER_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- DESCRIPTION_OF_LOCATION
  - Definition: Text description of the location of the fossil on the slab
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
  - Notes: May be a set of measurements in some coordinate system, a text statement, or a description of a marker on the slab (e.g. inside circle of red paint).

Entity Name: FOSSIL_ON_GRIDDED_SLIDE

Subtype of SUBSET_OF_LARGER_OBJECT
Definition: A collections object consisting of a single fossil or small number of fossils occupying a single grid square on a microscope slide that has a numbered or lettered grid imposed upon it.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This model.
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary Key of SUBSET_OF_LARGER_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- GRID_SQUARE_LETTER_ON_SLIDE
  - Definition: The identifying letter(s) or number for the grid square on the slide that the Collections Object is located in.
  - Domain: Character String (3) representing a grid designator.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
Notes: A fossil on a slide should be related to a Slide through a recursive relationship of Collections Object.

Entity Name: GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ZONE

Subtype of TEMPORAL_PERIOD
Supertype. Exclusive subtypes are GEOCHRONOLOGIC_AGE, GEOCHRONOLOGIC_EPOCH, GEOCHRONOLOGIC_PERIOD, and GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ERA.
Definition: A formally defined interval of geologic time that is part of a standard regional or global geochronologic time scale.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_OF_ZONE
  - Definition: Classification attribute
  - Domain: Age, Epoch, Period, Era.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Picklist.
- STANDARD_SCALE
  - Definition: The name of the standard chronostratigraphic scale that includes this unit (along with the boundaries tracked through relationships between TEMPORAL_PERIOD and TEMPORAL_EVENT
  - Domain: Character String, representing the name of a standard time scale.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Picklist Required.
- NAME_OF_GEOCHRONOLOGIC_UNIT
  - Definition: The name of the formal chronostratigraphic unit.
  - Domain: Character string (18)
  - Business Rules: Manual. Required.

Entity Name: GEOGRAPHIC_FEATURE

Subtype of EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE
Definition: A tangible named geographic feature on the surface of the Earth.
Comments: Hills, Streams and other such named non-political features.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE.
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- DEFINING_SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Target Entity: SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Definition: The spatial object that contains links to a list of Locations that define the points on the geographic boundary of Geographic Feature
  - Domain: Undefined, Any valid primary key of SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional on initial entry.
Other Attributes:
- NAME_OF_FEATURE
  - Definition: The name ascribed to the geographic feature
  - Domain: Character string representing a name
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
- TYPE_OF_FEATURE
  - Definition: Description of the type of geographic feature
  - Domain: Hill, Mountain, River, Stream, [etc..]
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick List, Required.

Entity Name: GEOLOGIC_PROVINCE

Subtype of EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE
Definition: A a large region on the surface of the Earth with a bedrock geology that shares a common large-scale tectonic history.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE.
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- DEFINING_SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Target Entity: SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Definition: The spatial object that contains links to a list of Locations that define the points on the geographic boundary of the Geologic Province.
  - Domain: Undefined, Any valid primary key of SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional on initial entry.
Other Attributes:
- NAME_OF_PROVINCE
  - Definition: The name ascribed to the Geological Province
  - Domain: Character string representing a name
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
Notes: A standard set of Geologic Provinces should be assembled.

Entity Name: GEOPOLITICAL_FEATURE

Subtype of EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE
Definition: A region on the surface of the Earth delimited by political boundaries
Comments: For example: Cities, Towns, Counties, Countries.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE.
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- DEFINING_SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Target Entity: SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Definition: The spatial object that contains links to a list of Locations that define the points on the geographic boundary of Geopolitical Feature
  - Domain: Undefined, Any valid primary key of SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional on initial entry.
Other Attributes:
- NAME
  - Definition: The name of the geopolitical entity.
  - Domain: Character String representing a name
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
- START_DATE_OF_RECOGNITION
  - Definition: The date at which Geopolitical Entity was recognised to begin its existence.
  - Domain: Null, Unknown, Date
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Default to Unknown.
- CURRENTLY_RECOGNISED
  - Definition: Indicator of whether Geopolitical entity is currently recognised to exist.
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
- END_DATE
  - Definition:
  - Domain: Exists, Null, Date
  - Business Rules:Semimanual, Required, Automatic insertion of Exists if Currently Recognized is True.
Notes:

Entity Name: GEOPOLITICAL_ASSOCIATION

Definition: Associative entity relating two Geopolitical Features in a parent-child relationship.
Comments: Includes both nesting relationships such as towns within counties and temporal name changes.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC.
Primary Key: None.
Foreign Keys:
- PARENT_POLITICAL_UNIT
  - Target Entity: GEOPOLITICAL_FEATURE
  - Definition:
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of GEOPOLITICAL_FEATURE
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
- CHILD_POLITICAL_UNIT
  - Target Entity:GEOPOLITICAL_FEATURE
  - Definition:
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of GEOPOLITICAL_FEATURE
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
Other Attributes:
- NATURE_OF_ASSOCIATION
  - Definition: Brief description of the nature of the association between the two geopolitical features.
  - Domain: Contains, Replaces, Partitioned from, Other
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Picklist, Required

Entity Name: HIGHER_TAXON

Subtype of TAXON_NAME
Definition: A Taxonomic name in the Linnean Hierarchy with a rank of subgenus or higher.:
Comments: Binomial Taxa are linked to the Hierarchy at a level above that of Genus. Entry of generic and subgeneric names is provided for to allow for the identification of Collections Objects down to the level of genus or subgenus. Note that in printing output, subgeneric names are always linked with their parent Higher Taxon at the Generic Rank. The form of valid output is 1) Taxon name with rank of Genus or higher in isolation, 2) Generic Taxon Name, (Subgeneric Taxon name) in parent-child relationship. 3) Binomial Name reconstructed entirely from fields in Binomial Taxon.
Region:Taxonomy
Source:
Primary Key: TAXON_NAME_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype.
- Domain: Any valid primary key of TAXON_NAME
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- PARENT_HIGHER_TAXON
  - Target Entity: HIGHER_TAXON
  - Definition: A Higher Taxon that contains and is immediately greater in rank that the current instance of HIGHER_TAXON.
  - Domain: Null, Any valid primary key of HIGHER_TAXON
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Null if rank of current Higher Taxon is Domain.
Other Attributes:
- TAXON_NAME
  - Definition: The taxonomic name of the higher taxon.
  - Domain: Character string (32)
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
- SUBGENUS
  - Definition: Indicator of whether Higher Taxon is of rank Subgenus an thus needs to be linked to the parent Generic name in any output.
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Automatic, Required, Default to False.
- RANK
  - Definition: The rank in the Linnean Hierarchy at which Taxon_Name is Placed.
  - Domain: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, [and appropriate sub- and super- variants of the above as well as other rank names used in particular groups such as Tribe]
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.

Entity Name: INFORMAL_IDENTIFICATION

Subtype of DETERMINATION
Definition: The informal application of a taxonomic name to a Collections Object other than a type specimen.
Region:Taxonomy
Source: This Model
Primary Key: DETERMINATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of DETERMINATION
- Domain: Any valid primary key of DETERMINATION
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys:
- IDENTIFICATION_OF
  - Target Entity: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
  - Definition: Collections object on which determination is made
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
- TAXONOMIC_CITATION
  - Target Entity: TAXONOMIC_CITATION
  - Definition: Literature reference that supports the Determination of the Collections Object
  - Domain: Null, Any valid primary key of TAXONOMIC_CITATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Null.
Other Attributes: None

Entity Name: JOURNAL_ARTICLE

Subtype of PUBLICATION
Definition: Bibliographic reference to an individual article in a serial publication.
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank entity
Primary Key: PUBLICATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of PUBLICATION
- Domain: Any valid primary key of Publication
- Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Foreign Keys:
- JOURNAL_ID
  - Target Entity: JOURNAL_OR_SERIES
  - Definition: The journal or series within which the Journal Article was published
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of JOURNAL_OR_SERIES
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
Other Attributes:
- VOLUME_NUMBER
  - Definition: The volume number [or other identifying number (such as year)] for the volume of the Journal or Series in which the Journal Article appeared.
  - Domain: Character String representing a volume number
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual, Validate by cross checking against the year and volume numbers of other Journal Articles in the same serial publication.
- FIRST_PAGE_OF_ARTICLE
  - Definition: The page on which Journal Article begins.
  - Domain: Positive Integer representing a page number.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
- LAST_PAGE_OF_ARTICLE
  - Definition: The page on which Journal Article ends
  - Domain: Positive Integer representing a page number.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual, Should be larger than First Page of Article
- ISSUE_NUMBER_ETC
  - Definition: The number of the issue (or other kind of number that follows the volume number) of the Journal or Series in which Journal Article appears.
  - Domain: Blank, Character string representing an issue number
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual.
- FIRST_FIGURE_NO
  - Definition: Number of the first figure in the Journal Article, if any
  - Domain: Null, Unnumbered, Character string representing a figure number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- LAST_FIGURE_NO
  - Definition: Number of the last figure in the Journal Article, if any
  - Domain: Null, Unnumbered, Character string representing a figure number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null, Should be larger than First figure number.
- FIRST_PLATE_NO
  - Definition: Number of the first plate in the Journal Article, if any
  - Domain: Null, Unnumbered, Character string representing a plate number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- LAST_PLATE_NO
  - Definition: Number of the last plate in the Journal Article, if any
  - Domain: Null, Unnumbered, Character string representing a plate number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null Should be larger than first plate number.

Entity Name: JOURNAL_OR_SERIES

Definition: The name of a serial publication.
Region:Publication
Source: Modified from PaleoBank entity JOURNAL OR SERIES
Primary Key:JOURNAL_ID
- Definition: Unique arbitrary identifier for Journal or Series
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- NAME
  - Definition: The name of the serial publication
  - Domain: Character string representing a name of a serial
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
- OTHER_IDENTIFYING_INFORMATION
  - Definition: Information such as range of years or publisher needed to distinguish Serial publications that share the same name.
  - Domain: Null, Character string
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual, Default to Null, Required if another Journal or Series of the same name is found in the database.
- MEDIUM
  - Definition: The Medium in which Journal or Series is published or Archived
  - Domain: Print, Microfilm, Microfiche, CD-ROM, Online, Other
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Print, Semiautomatic.
- ISSN
  - Definition: The International Standard Serial Number of the Journal or Series
  - Domain: A character string representing an ISSN Number.
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual.

Entity Name: KEYWORD

Definition: A set of words or phrases in a controlled vocabulary that is used to identify the subject matter of a publication.
Comments: A uniform choice of controlled vocabulary is important.
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank entity KEY WORD
Primary Key: KEYWORD
- Definition: A word or phrase from a controlled vocabulary.
- Domain: Character String
- Business Rules: Required, Enter as authority file.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes: None
Notes: If no standard controlled vocabulary is adopted by the community, it is recommended that a field be added to indicate the source of the controlled vocabulary from which the key word was drawn.

Entity Name: LANGUAGE

Definition: Authority list of languages in which Publications are written.
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank Entity LANGUAGE
Primary Key: LANGUAGE_ID
- Definition: Unique Arbitrary Identifier of Language
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- LANGUAGE_NAME
  - Definition: The name of a language
  - Domain: Character String (30) representing the name of a written language
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Do not allow duplicates.

Entity Name: LEGAL_SURVEY_2D_LOCATION

Subtype of LOCATION
Definition: A location on the surface of the Earth specified in units of Latitude and Longitude.
Comments: Provision must be made to enter data in formats other than latitude and longitude and convert it to lat & long for storage. Likewise, provision should be made to output 2d location data in forms other than lat & long (by reference to the original form of the data, or by user request).
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model
Security: Access to exact locality data should be limited to in-house personnel and individual researchers on a case by case basis. In all other cases, 2d Location should be filtered to provide geographic location down to only degrees and minutes.
Primary Key: LOCATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of LOCATION.
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- LATITUDE_DEGREES
  - Definition: Degrees part of Latitude
  - Domain: All positive Integers less than 361.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual or Automatic calculation from manual entry in other units.
- LATITUDE_MINUTES
  - Definition: Minutes part of Latitude
  - Domain: All non negative Integers less than 61.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual or Automatic calculation from manual entry in other units.
- LATITUDE_SECONDS
  - Definition: Seconds part of Latitude
  - Domain: Non negative Real number less than 60 representing a number of seconds and decimal subdivisions.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual or Automatic calculation from manual entry in other units.
- LONGITUDE_DEGREES
  - Definition: Degrees part of Longitude
  - Domain: Positive Integers less than 361.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual or Automatic calculation from manual entry in other units.
- LONGITUDE_MINUTES
  - Definition: Minutes part of Longitude
  - Domain: All non negative Integers less than 61.
  - Business Rules:Required, Manual or Automatic calculation from manual entry in other units.
- LONGITUDE_SECONDS
  - Definition: Seconds part of Longitude
  - Domain:Non negative Real number less than 60 representing a number of seconds and decimal subdivisions.
  - Business Rules:Required, Manual or Automatic calculation from manual entry in other units.

Entity Name: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_BED

Subtype of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
Definition: A formally or informally named rock unit of rank Bed or an identified horizon within another Lithostratigraphic Unit.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
- Domain: Any valid primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- NATURE_OF_UNIT
  - Definition: Description of the nature of the LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_BED
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional.
  - Notes: Information such as thickness, formal description, and so forth.

Entity Name: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_MEMBER

Subtype of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
Definition: A formally or named rock unit of rank member.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
- Domain: Any valid primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys:
- IN_FORMATION
  - Target Entity:LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_FORMATION
  - Definition: The LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_FORMATION that contains the current instance of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_BED
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT of subtype Formation.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_SECTION
  - Definition: The name of the type section of the LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_BED
  - Domain: Character String
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional
  - Notes: This attribute is included to distinguish potentially conflicting synonymous names for lithologic units. A link to EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE is not included since it is quite probable that the type locality will not have representative specimens in any given repository.

Entity Name: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_FORMATION

Subtype of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
Definition: A formally named rock unit of rank formation
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
- Domain: Any valid primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys:
- IN_GROUP
  - Target Entity:LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_GROUP
  - Definition: The LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_GROUP that contains the current instance of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_FORMATION
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT of subtype Group.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional
  - Note: This is an implied relationship, as the cardinality of one to many lithostratigraphic formations for each lithostratigraphic group can not be enforced. This relationship should be implemented not as shown in this model, but through a recursive relationship among instances of the supertype Lithostratigrapic Unit, with buisness rules constraining the relationship. This implied relationship is used in this data model in order to most easily communicate the relationships among the entites, rather than following the proper formal eradication of unenforacble relationships.
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_SECTION
  - Definition: The name of the type section of the LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_FORMATION
  - Domain: Character String
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional
  - Notes: This attribute is included to distinguish potentially conflicting synonymous names for lithologic units. A link to EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE is not included since it is quite probable that the type locality will not have representative specimens in any given repository.

Entity Name: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_GROUP

Subtype of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
Definition: A formally named rock unit of rank Group.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
- Domain: Any valid primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys:
- IN_SUPERGROUP
  - Target Entity:LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_SUPERGROUP
  - Definition: The LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_SUPERGROUP that contains the current instance of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_GROUP
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT of subtype Supergroup
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional
  - Note: This is an implied relationship, as the cardinality of one to many lithostratigraphic groups for each lithostratigraphic supergroup can not be enforced. This relationship should be implemented not as shown in this model, but through a recursive relationship among instances of the supertype Lithostratigrapic Unit, with buisness rules constraining the relationship. This implied relationship is used in this data model in order to most easily communicate the relationships among the entites, rather than following the proper formal eradication of unenforacble relationships.
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_SECTION
  - Definition: The name of the type section of the LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_GROUP
  - Domain: Character String
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional
  - Notes: This attribute is included to distinguish potentially conflicting synonymous names for lithologic units. A link to EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE is not included since it is quite probable that the type locality will not have representative specimens in any given repository.

Entity Name: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_SUPERGROUP

Subtype of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
Definition: A formally named rock unit of rank Supergroup.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
- Domain: Any valid primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_SECTION
  - Definition: The name of the type section of the LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_SUPERGROUP
  - Domain: Character String
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional

Entity Name: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT

Subtype of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
Supertype. Exclusive subtypes are LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_BED LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_MEMBER, LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_FORMATION, LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_GROUP, LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_SUPERGROUP
Definition: A classification of bodies of rock, based upon lithologic content and geographic location, but (at least in theory) not upon time.
Comments: Lithostratigraphic bodies are further classified into a hierarchy containing supergroup, group, formation, member, and unit.
Region:Provenance
Source: Derived From POSC
Primary Key:STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary Key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- PARENT_LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
  - Target Entity: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
  - Definition: A lithostratigraphic unit that contains the current instance of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT.
  - Domain: Null, Any valid primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Null
  - Note: Used to track relationships between levels of the hierarchy when the hierarchy has not been fully filled out (e.g. to place a Bed into a Formation when there are no named Members in that Formation).
- GEOLOGIC_PROVINCE_ID
  - Target Entity: GEOLOGIC_PROVINCE
  - Definition: The Geologic Province where the type section of the Lithostratigraphic Unit is located.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional.
Other Attributes:
- LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT_NAME
  - Definition: The name of the Lithostratigraphic unit
  - Domain: Character string representing a name of a rock unit.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required, Check for duplicates, warn if found.

Entity Name: LOCATION

Supertype. Exclusive Subtypes are: 1D_LOCATION, 2D_LOCATION, LEGAL_SURVEY_3D_LOCATION.
Definition: A linear distance or a location on or near the surface of the Earth.
Comments: Collections objects from bodies other than the Earth can be readily accommodated by including appropriate new values to the Datum pick list.
Region:Provenance
Security: Access to exact locality data should be limited to in-house personnel and individual researchers on a case by case basis. In all other cases, LOCATION should be filtered to provide geographic location down to only degrees and minutes.
Source: Modified from POSC model
Primary Key: LOCATION_ID
- Definition: Arbitrary unique identifier for Location.
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_OF_LOCATION
  - Definition: Classification attribute
  - Domain: 1d, 2d, 3d.
  - Business Rules: Automatic assignment from type of Spatial Object, Required.
- DATUM
  - Definition: The datum on which the Latitude and Longitude are based.
  - Domain: Unknown, Null, NAD1927, [etc..]
  - Business Rules: Semimanual Required, Null if 1d, otherwise Default to Unknown.
Notes: Geographic locations are stored only as Latitude and Longitude. Provision must be made for the entry and automatic conversion (in both input and output) of all other forms. This decision was made to simplify searches based on geographic coordinates and to provide greater potential compatibility with GIS systems.

Entity Name: LOCATION_EPC_ASSOCIATION

Definition: Associative entity relating Earth Position Composites to Locations
Comments: This entity contains list of locations, which, when connected, form a boundary around each Earth Position Composite spatial object.
Region:Provenance
Source: This Model.
Primary Key: None
Foreign Keys:
- LOCAT_ID
  - Target Entity: LOCATION
  - Definition: Point on or near the surface of the Earth that marks one vertex of an Earth Position Composite.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of LOCATION subtypes 2D_LOCATION or 3D_LOCATION.
  - Business Rules: Automatic, Required
- SPATIAL_OBJECT_ID
  - Target Entity: EARTH_POSITION_COMPOSITE
  - Definition: Composite spatial object on or near the Earth's surface defined by a list of LOCATIONs
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of EARTH_POSITION_COMPOSITE
  - Business Rules: Automatic, Required.

Entity Name: LOT

Subtype of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
Supertype. Subtypes are TRAY, SLIDE, SLAB, SUBSET_OF_LARGER_OBJECT
Definition: A collections object consisting of one or more individuals of one or more taxa collected in a single collecting event that have been taken to at least stage 3 of the collections continuum (segregated by major taxa or problem).
Region: Collections Object
Source: Modified from ASC entities LOT, SPECIMEN, and UNSORTED_LOT
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any Valid Primary Key of Collections Object
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- DEGREE_OF_PROCESSING
  - Definition:Staement of location in Curatorial Continuum: Stage 3, Stage 4, or Stage 5
  - Domain: Stage 3 (Sorted to major taxon or problem), Stage 4 (Sorted by species, preparation complete) , Stage 5 (Identified to species level, labels, numbers, all database entry complete).
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick List
  - Note: The fundamental mission of paleontological museum collections is to move collections objects to stage 2 in the collections continuum. Movements of collections objects to higher stages adds value to the collections objects, but should not be viewed as a goal in paleontological collections.
- SPECIMEN_COUNT
  - Definition: The exact or approximate number of physically separate fossil objects comprising the lot.
  - Domain: Any valid non-negative integer
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
  - Notes: 1) It may be useful to treat this number as if it has only 2 significant digits. 2) A slab with many fossils on it would have a specimen count of 1, a tray with several fossil snails in it could have a specimen count of 6.
- PHYSICAL_DESCRIPTION
  - Definition: Classification attribute, indicating the kind of LOT
  - Domain: Tray, Slide, Slab, Subset of Object
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Picklist.
Notes: This entity does not entirely match the usual meaning of the term lot. Entities in this data model that would usually be counted as lots include Cores, Bulk Samples, Lots, and Casts. Conversely most SUBSETS_OF_LARGER_OBJECT (a subtype of LOT) would not normally be counted as lots. Neither LOT nor COLLECTIONS_OBJECT entirely matches the usual usage of the term.

Entity Name: MAGNETIC_MEDIA

Subtype of DERIVED_OBJECT
Definition: Electronic data stored on discrete magnetic media that are related to collections objects.
Comments: Includes videos, data sets stored on floppy disk and similar objects, but not moving pictures stored as computer readable files and referenced as such in Electronic Data Set. The general distinction here is that the entity Electronic Data set holds addresses (Uniform Resource Locators) for electronic files while Photographs, Measurements, and Video Images refer to physical objects that contain information in a form that may or may not be machine readable.
Region: Collections Object
Source:
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary Key of Collections Object
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- KIND_OF_MEDIA
  - Definition: Description of the magnetic media
  - Domain: Character String (20) representing a magnetic medium.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Pick list or manual entry.
  - Notes: For example: NITC VHS Video cassette, 5 �" 360k PC Floppy Disk.
- DESCRIPTION_OF_DATA
  - Definition: Brief Text description of the kind of data stored on the magnetic media
  - Domain: Character String (50) representing a text description
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required
  - Notes: For example: Video of collecting event, Morphometric data.
- NOTES
  - Definition: Text notes on nature, origin, or other details of magnetic media and/or data.
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional

Entity Name: MEASUREMENTS

Subtype of DERIVED_OBJECT
Definition: Hard copy of measurements of any sort made on or using a collections object.
Comments: This includes paper copies of morphometric measurements, chemical analyses, paleoecological data sets and other original data sets that might be maintained in the archives of a collection. Electronic copies of such data should be maintained as files that can be referenced through the entity Electronic data set, preferably through a Uniform Resource Locator.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This Model
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any Valid Primary Key of DERIVED_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- KIND_OF_MEASUREMENTS
  - Definition: Description of the general sort of information contained in the measurements
  - Domain: Morphology, Chemistry, Paleoecology, Other
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Pick List.
- DESCRIPTION_OF_MEASUREMENTS
  - Definition: Brief Text description of the measurement set.
  - Domain: Character String (50) representing a text description.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required
- NOTES_ON_MEASUREMENTS
  - Definition: Text notes on nature, origin, or other details of measurement set.
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional
Notes: Hard copy of measurements only. Electronic copies are magnetic media (on disks) or Electronic data sets (referenced by a URL).

Entity Name: MON_PUB_ASSOCIATION

Definition: Associative entity relating MONOGRAPHS to PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITYs
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank
Primary Key: None
Foreign Keys:
- PUBLISHER_ID
  - Target Entity: PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITY
  - Definition: Publisher involved in publication of Monograph
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITY
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- MONOGRAPH_ID
  - Target Entity:MONOGRAPH
  - Definition: Monograph published by Publisher
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of MONOGRAPH
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
Other Attributes: None

Entity Name: MONOGRAPH

Subtype of PUBLICATION
Definition: Bibliographic Reference to a Monograph
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank entity
Primary Key: PUBLICATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of PUBLICATION
- Domain: Any valid primary key of Publication
- Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Foreign Keys:
- JOURNAL_ID
  - Target Entity: JOURNAL_OR_SERIES
  - Definition: The Serial publication in which the Monograph appears
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of JOURNAL_OR_SERIES
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Other Attributes:
- ISBN
  - Definition: The International Standard Book Number for the Monograph, if any
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing an ISBN number
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Null if instance of Monograph is related to Journal or Series.
  - Notes: If monograph is a part of a Serial publication the ISSN number is an attribute of the associated instance of JOURNAL_OR_SERIES.
- TOTAL_PAGES
  - Definition: Number of pages in the monograph, exclusive of front matter
  - Domain: Positive Integer
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
- VOLUME_NUMBER
  - Definition: The volume number [or other identifying number (such as a year)] for the volume of the Journal or Series in which the Monograph appeared.
  - Domain: Character String representing a volume number
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
- ISSUE_NUMBER_ETC
  - Definition: The number of the issue (or other kind of number that follows the volume number) of the Journal or Series in which Monograph appears.
  - Domain: Blank, Character string representing an issue number
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual.
- TOTAL_PAGES_FRONT_MATTER
  - Definition: The number of pages of front matter in Monograph, if any.
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing a roman numeral.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- NUMBER_OF_FIGURES
  - Definition: The number of figures in Monograph, if any.
  - Domain: Null, Integer representing a number of figures.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- NUMBER_OF_PLATES
  - Definition: The number of plates in Monograph, if any.
  - Domain: Null, Integer representing a number of plates
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.

Entity Name: ORIGINAL_LOCALITY_DESCRIPTION

Definition: A verbatim text description of an outcrop (locality) where one or more collecting events have occurred.
Comments: Note that multiple original descriptions can exist for a single locality.
Region:Provenance
Security: Exact locality data should be restricted to in-house personnel and individual researchers on a case by case basis.
Source: This Model.
Primary Key: ORIGINAL_ID
- Definition: Unique arbitrary identifier for each original locality description
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Required, Automatic
Foreign Keys:
- DESCRIBED_OUTCROP
  - Target Entity:OUTCROP
  - Definition: The outcrop described in the original description
  - Domain: Any valid primary Key of OUTCROP
  - Business Rules:
- DESCRIBING_PERSON
  - Target Entity: AGENT
  - Definition: The person who was the source for the original description of the outcrop
  - Domain: Null, Any valid primary key of Agent subtype Person.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, optional, default to Null
Other Attributes:
- LOCALITY_DESCRIBED_AS
  - Definition: The name or field number used for the locality in the description
  - Domain: Character String (72) representing a locality name or number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional
- TYPE_OF_SOURCE_FOR_DESCRIPTION
  - Definition: Indication of the nature of the source of the original description
  - Domain: Specimen Label, Field notes, Locality Register, Manuscript, Other.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick List, Required.
- ORIGINAL_DESCRIPTION
  - Definition: The verbatim text of a description of an outcrop.
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required
- COORDINATES_IN_ORIGINAL_FORM
  - Definition: The verbatim text of Legal Survey Coordinates, in their original form, for the location of an outcrop.
  - Domain: Character String (72) representing a geographic location in some coordinate system.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional.

Entity Name: OTH_PUB_ASSOCIATION

Definition: Associative entity relating OTHER_PUBLICATIONs to PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITYs
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank
Primary Key: None
Foreign Keys:
- PUBLISHER_ID
  - Target Entity: PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITY
  - Definition: Publisher involved in publication of Other Publication
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITY
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- OTHER_PUBLICATION_ID
  - Target Entity: OTHER_PUBLICATION
  - Definition: Other Publication published by Publisher
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of OTHER_PUBLICATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
Other Attributes: None

Entity Name: OTHER_PUBLICATION

Subtype of PUBLICATION
Definition: Bibliographic reference to a publication that is not a Journal Article, Book, Monograph, or part of any one of these.
Comments: Note that this entity contains records other than true publications (in the sense of the ICZN such as specimen labels and unpublished manuscripts. This generalization allows taxon names to include unavailable names found on specimen labels.
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank entity OTHER PUBLICATION
Primary Key: PUBLICATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of PUBLICATION
- Domain: Any valid primary key of Publication
- Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Foreign Keys:
- JOURNAL_ID
  - Target Entity: JOURNAL_OR_SERIES
  - Definition: The Serial publication in which the Other Publication appears
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of JOURNAL_OR_SERIES
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_OF_PUBLICATION
  - Definition: A description of the type of the publication or unpublished work.
  - Domain: Null, Specimen Label, Manuscript, Character string describing type of work.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Null.
- ISBN
  - Definition: The International Standard Book Number for the Other Publication, if any
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing an ISBN number
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional.
- TOTAL_PAGES
  - Definition: Number of pages in the Other Publication, exclusive of front matter
  - Domain: Positive Integer
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual, Should match difference of first and last pages.
- FIRST_PAGE
  - Definition: The page on which Other Publication begins.
  - Domain: Positive Integer representing a page number.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
- LAST_PAGE
  - Definition: The page on which Other Publication ends
  - Domain: Positive Integer representing a page number.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual, Should be larger than First Page of Article
- VOLUME_NUMBER
  - Definition: The volume number [or other identifying number (such as a year)] for the volume of the Journal or Series in which the Other Publication appeared.
  - Domain: Character String representing a volume number
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
- ISSUE_NUMBER_ETC
  - Definition: The number of the issue (or other kind of number that follows the volume number) of the Journal or Series in which Other Publication appears.
  - Domain: Blank, Character string representing an issue number
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual.
- EDITION
  - Definition: The number of the Edition of the Other Publication.
  - Domain: Null, Positive integer representing an edition number.
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Null, Manual.
  - Notes: Must be an edition number, not a date of publication.
- TOTAL_PAGES_FRONT_MATTER
  - Definition: The number of pages of front matter in Other Publication, if any.
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing a roman numeral.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- NUMBER_OF_FIGURES
  - Definition: The number of figures in Other Publication, if any.
  - Domain: Null, Integer representing a number of figures.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- NUMBER_OF_PLATES
  - Definition: The number of plates in Other Publication, if any.
  - Domain: Null, Integer representing a number of plates
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- FIRST_FIGURE_NO
  - Definition: Number of the first figure in the Other Publication, if any
  - Domain: Null, Unnumbered, Character string representing a figure number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- LAST_FIGURE_NO
  - Definition: Number of the last figure in the Other Publication, if any
  - Domain: Null, Unnumbered, Character string representing a figure number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null, Should be larger than First figure number.
- FIRST_PLATE_NO
  - Definition: Number of the first plate in the Other Publication, if any
  - Domain: Null, Unnumbered, Character string representing a plate number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- LAST_PLATE_NO
  - Definition: Number of the last plate in the Other Publication, if any
  - Domain: Null, Unnumbered, Character string representing a plate number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null Should be larger than first plate number.

Entity Name: OUTCROP

Subtype of EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE
Definition: An exposure of rock of relatively limited extent at or near the surface of the Earth where one or more collecting events have occurred.
Comments: This entity is roughly the same as the typical concept of a locality, but localities can include other concepts such as wells and horizons at outcrops. This entity can also include the concept of a mine or a particular part of a mine (defined as locations in three dimensional space). For regions where outcrop is nearly continuous, such as high arctic Greenland, the concept of Outcrop should be restricted to numbered collecting locality. In other regions, an outcrop may have a very small areal extent, but yet expose many different lithologic units. Here the concept of outcrop should represent the general location, while individual Collecting Events should specify stratigraphic location within the outcrop.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of EARTH_SURFACE_FEATURE.
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- DEFINING_SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Target Entity: SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Definition: The spatial object that contains links to a Location or list of Locations that defines the location of Outcrop on the surface of the Earth.
  - Domain: Undefined, Any valid primary key of SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional on initial entry.
Other Attributes:
- LOCALITY_NAME
  - Definition: An informal or formal name ascribed to the outcrop or locality
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing a name
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual, Default to Null
- ORIGINAL_2D_LOCATION
  - Definition: Verbatim text of the legal survey location of the Outcrop in its original form.
  - Domain: Character string
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
  - Notes: This attribute serves to capture non Latitude-Longitude coordinates such as U.S. or Canadian Township and Range in their original form to insure that errors in the routines that convert these coordinates into and out of Lat-Long form do not result in the loss of locality data.
- ORIGINAL_FORM_OF_2D_LOCATION
  - Definition: Indicator of the original form in which the 2d location was recorded
  - Domain: U.S. Township and Range, Canadian Township and Range, Military Grid Reference, UTM coordinates, Latitude and Longitude (datum unknown), Latitude and Longitude (1927 North American Datum), [etc...]
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Picklist, Required.
- LOCALITY_ACCESS_NOTES
  - Definition: Notes concerning landownership and any other issues concerning access to the outcrop.
  - Domain: Memo, Null
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- NON-STANDARD_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR
  - Definition: Description of the location of the outcrop in some non-standard set of local coordinates.
  - Domain: Memo, Null.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
  - Notes: This attribute is intended to capture location data for such places as mines and caves which can have highly local coordinates or names for defining precise locations.
Notes: Substantial additional information on access to the locality could be added here, but records of such data are highly variable by institution. It is possible to add substantial complexity and links to various agents such as landowners and controlling organizations (e.g. the BLM).

Entity Name: PART_OF_PUBLICATION

Subtype of PUBLICATION
Definition: A publication that is a part of a publication.
Comments: For example, a chapter in a book.
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank Entity PART OF PUBLICATION
Primary Key: PUBLICATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of PUBLICATION
- Domain: Any valid primary key of Publication
- Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Foreign Keys:
- PARENT_PUBLICATION
  - Target Entity: PUBLICATION
  - Definition: The instance of publication that contains this Part of Publication.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of Publication
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Other Attributes:
- FIRST_PAGE
  - Definition: The number of the first page of Part of Publication within its parent Publication
  - Domain: Positive Integer
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required, Validate against page numbers of Publication
- LAST_PAGE
  - Definition:The number of the last page of Part of Publication within its parent Publication
  - Domain: Positive Integer
  - Business Rules:Manual, Required, Validate against page numbers of Publication
- FIRST_FIGURE
  - Definition: The number of the first figure in the Part of Publication
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing a figure number or letter
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to null.
- LAST_FIGURE
  - Definition: The number of the last figure in the Part of Publication
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing a figure number or letter
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to null.
- FIRST_PLATE
  - Definition: The number of the first plate in the Part of Publication
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing a plate number or letter
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to null.
- LAST_PLATE
  - Definition: The number of the last plate in the Part of Publication
  - Domain: Null, Character string representing a plate number or letter
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to null.
- LOCATION_WITHIN_ELECTRONIC_PUBLICATION
  - Definition: Some indication of how to find the part of publication within a parent Electronic Publication.
  - Domain: Null, Memo.
  - Business Rules: Value other than Null valid only if Parent Publication is of subtype Electronic Publication.

Entity Name: PART_OF_ASSOCIATION

Subtype of SUBSET_OF_LARGER_OBJECT
Definition: A collections object that is part of a larger associated set of fossils
Comments: For example, a platiceratid gastropod on a crinoid.
Region: Collections Object
Source:
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of SUBSET_OF_LARGER_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- DESCRIPTION_OF_PART
  - Definition: A text description of the part.
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional.

Entity Name: PERMIT

Subtype of GOVERNING_AGREEMENT.
Definition: A legal document issued by a government that authorizes collecting events, the transport of fossils or products of collecting events, or the possession of fossils or other products of collecting events.
Comments:
Region:Transaction Management
Security: Access to Transaction management data should be limited to in-house personnel.
Source: Modified from SI model entities Transaction Agreement and Permit.
Primary Key: AGREEMENT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of GOVERNING_AGREEMENT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- NAME_OF_PERMIT
  - Definition: A brief statement of the source of the permit, the geographic region it covers, and the activity that it covers.
  - Domain: Character String (72) representing a brief description
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
- DESCRIPTION_OF_PERMIT
  - Definition: A detailed description of the terms of the agreement.
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required
- RENEWAL_NOTES
  - Definition: Notes concerning any renewal of the Permit
  - Domain: Memo, Null
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null
- MOST_CURRENT_EXPIRATION_DATE
  - Definition: The date at which the permit or any renewal of the permit expires
  - Domain: Date
  - Business Rules: Required, Semimanual, Use GOVERNING_AGREEMENT-->START_DATE as default on initial creation of a Permit, allow user to edit.
Notes: 1) For an Exchange Agreement or Collecting Agreement the Holding agent is generally the repository, however a Permit may well be held by an individual researcher or another institution. 2) Permits concern the legality of holding collections objects or transaction items, Collecting Agreements concern the disposition of such objects. A permit may allow collection from a particular Geopolitical entity and may also create a collecting agreement that requires the return of all specimens to that country after some period of study. If the repository deals with many permits on a regular basis it may be useful to elaborate the relationships associated with PERMIT, especially relationships with Collecting Agreement (Parent-child), Geopolitical Entity, and Collections Object.

Entity Name: PERSON

Subtype of AGENT
Definition:A Person is a single individual human being.
Region:Agent
Source:
Primary Key: AGENT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of AGENT
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required, Inherited
Foreign Keys:
- CONTACT_FOR
  - Target Entity: ORGANIZATION
  - Definition: Person is a contact for a particular organization.
  - Domain: Null, Any valid primary key of Organization
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Null
- LAST_KNOWN_AFFILIATION
  - Target Entity: ORGANIZATION
  - Definition: Current or last known affiliation with an Organization that can serve as a mailing address.
  - Domain: Null, Any valid primary key of Organization
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Null
  - Note: This is an implied relationship, as the cardinality of one to many persons for each organization can not be enforced. This relationship should be implemented not as shown in this model, but through a recursive relationship among instances of the supertype Agent, with buisness rules constraining the relationship. This implied relationship is used in this data model in order to most easily communicate the relationships among the entites, rather than following the proper formal eradication of unenforacble relationships.
Other Attributes:
- SURNAME
  - Definition: The family name or names of a Person.
  - Domain: Character string (35) representing a surname.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
- INITIALS
  - Definition: The initials of the given names of Person, separated by periods with no spaces.
  - Domain: Character string (10) representing initials.
  - Business Rules: Automatic Construction from Given Names, Confirm correct formation.
  - Notes: For example: J.B.C. Construct from given names at time of data entry to allow more rapid execution of reports that use Surnames and Initials.
- GIVEN_NAMES
  - Definition: The given name or names of a Person.
  - Domain: Character string (35) representing names.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
  - Notes: A problem for data entry may exist if a Surname is encountered on a specimen label without knowledge of who that person was. It may be necessary to allow for the entry of Persons who are known by Surname only and to run periodic searches to try to identify these persons. In this case a value of Null would be allowed in the domain of this Attribute.
- PREFIX_MODIFIERS
  - Definition: Modifiers to Surname that precede surname.
  - Domain: von, de, de la, Null.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Null.
- SUFFIX_MODIFIERS
  - Definition: Modifiers to a person's name that follow the name.
  - Domain: Jr, Sr, III, Null.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Null.
- YEAR_OF_BIRTH
  - Definition: The year in which Person was born.
  - Domain: Date, Null
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual, Default to Null, Must be later in time than year of Death if known.
- YEAR_OF_DEATH
  - Definition: If Person is Deceased, the year in which Person died.
  - Domain: Null, Date
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual, Default to Null, Must be earlier in time than Year of Birth if known.

Entity Name: PHOTOGRAPH

Subtype of DERIVED_OBJECT
Definition: Images, in photographic emulsion on paper or film, of or related to a collections object.
Comments: Includes films as well as still photographs. Videos are Magnetic Media.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This model
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any Valid primary Key of DERIVED_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- MEDIUM
  - Definition: The kind of photographic material comprising the photograph.
  - Domain: Paper positive, X Ray Plate, Film Negative, Film Positive, Paper positive and Film Negative, Motion picture film Positive, Motion Picture Film Negative, Other.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick list, Required.
- SIZE
  - Definition: Dimensions of photograph in appropriate units.
  - Domain: Character string (10)
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick list, Required.
  - Notes: For example, 11x14", 35mm.
- ASSESSMENT_OF_ARCHIVAL_CONDITON
  - Definition: A statement of the archival safety of the photograph.
  - Domain: Not Specified
  - Business Rules: Not Specified

Entity Name: POINT

Subtype of SIMPLE_SPATIAL_OBJECT
Definition: A point on the surface of the Earth defined in either two or three dimensions.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC Model
Primary Key: SPATIAL_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of SPATIAL_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required, Inherited.
Foreign Keys:
- LOCATION_OF_POINT
  - Target Entity: LOCATION
  - Definition: The place on the surface of the Earth where Point is located
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of LOCATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Other Attributes: None.
Notes:

Entity Name: PREP_STEP

Definition: A discrete, defined, or standard step in a preparatory method.
Region: Collections Object
Source: ASC model entity PREPARATION-STEP
Primary Key: PREP_STEP_ID
- Definition: Unique arbitrary identifier for PREP_STEP
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys:
- STEP_IN_METHOD
  - Target Entity: PREPARATORY_METHOD
  - Definition: The method of which Prep Step is a part.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of PREPARATORY_METHOD
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
Other Attributes:
- NAME_OF_STEP
  - Definition: The name of the preparatory step.
  - Domain: Character String
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required
- NOTES
  - Definition: Notes concerning the nature of the preparatory step.
  - Domain: Memo, Null
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
  - Notes: Notes concerning the effect of preparatory steps upon collections objects should be placed in PREPARATORY_METHOD-->NOTES

Entity Name: PREPARATION

Definition: A preparation is any procedure that is performed upon a collections object so as to change its nature by some person. PREPARATION is an associative entity relating COLLECTIONS_OBJECTs to_PREPARATORY_METHODs and AGENTs.
Comments: Preparations include coating specimens for SEM photography, surface preparation with air abrasives, wet sieving bulk samples, destructive chemical analysis, and casting. Each specimen that has a preparation performed upon it should have the preparation recorded through this entity. Preparations that result in new collections objects should have those new collections objects related to the original through the recursive relationship Contains Part of Other. Note that sieving and picking a bulk sample would count as a preparation (sciveing) that does not create new collections objects, and a curatorial action (sorting) that does create new collections objects. The original bulk sample would be marked as having had a preparation (sieving) performed upon it. It would also be related to a set of child collections objects through Curatorial Action. The basic ruler for distinguishing whether a relationship between parent and child collections objects should be through Curatorial Action or through a recursive relationship is whether the new objects have been moved to a higher level on the curatorial continuum. Movements up the curatorial continuum should be addressed through Curatorial Action.
Region: Collections Object
Source: Modified from ASC model
Primary Key: None
Foreign Keys:
- PREPARED_OBJECT
  - Target Entity: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
  - Definition: The collections object on which preparation was performed by a preparator
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- PREPARATION_METHOD
  - Target Entity: PREPARATORY_METHOD
  - Definition: The preparatory method that was performed by preparator upon the prepared collections object.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of PREPARATORY_METHOD
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- PREPARATOR
  - Target Entity: AGENT
  - Definition: The person or other agent who performed the preparation upon the collections object.
  - Domain: Unknown, Any valid primary key of AGENT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Unknown.
Other Attributes:
- NOTES
  - Definition: Notes pertaining to this specific application of a preparatory method to a collections object.
  - Domain: Null, Memo.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
  - Notes: Not for types of preparations.

Entity Name: PREPARATORY_METHOD

Definition: A defined or standard procedure consisting of one or several steps that applied to collections objects to alter them.
Region: Collections Object
Source: ASC Model
Primary Key: PREPARATORY_METHOD_ID
- Definition: Arbitrary unique identifier for PREPARATORY_METHOD
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, required
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- PREPARATION_METHOD_NAME
  - Definition: The name of the method of preparation.
  - Domain: Character string
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required
- NOTES_ON_ALTERATION_RESULTING
  - Definition: Notes pertaining to the effects of the preparation upon collections objects
  - Domain: Memo, Null
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null
  - Notes: This attribute is for notes on the general effects of the preparatory method, not for notes concerning results of the preparation upon specific collections objects.

Entity Name: PUBLICATION

Supertype. Exclusive subtypes, in three non-exclusive sets are:
1. JOURNAL, BOOK, MONOGRAPH, OTHER_PUBLICATION
2. ELECTRONIC_PUBLICATION
3. PART_OF_PUBLICATION
Definition: Bibliographic reference to published works, unpublished works, and certain unpublished records.
Comments: This entity is expanded to include unpublished manuscripts and specimen labels (as other publications) in order to most easily accommodate associating agents with unpublished taxon names that can be found on specimen labels in collections.
Region:Publication
Source: Modified from PaleoBank Entity: PUBLICATION
Primary Key: PUBLICATION_ID
- Definition: Arbitrary unique identifier for PUBLICATION
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- LANGUAGE
  - Target Entity:LANGUAGE
  - Definition: The language in which publication is written
  - Domain: Language primary keys
  - Business Rules: Required, Semimanual.
Other Attributes:
- PEER_REVIEWED
  - Definition: Indication of whether publication was subject to peer review or if it is in grey literature.
  - Domain: Logical, Null
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default is null.
- YEAR
  - Definition: The year or range of years in which publication was issued
  - Domain: All years or ranges of years up to the present.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual, Confirm if year is prior to 1758, Confirm if second year in range of years is earlier than first year. Confirm if year is outside birth and death dates for author.
- TITLE
  - Definition: The title of publication
  - Domain: Character string representing a title, Specimen Label.
  - Business Rules: Required, Manual.
- SUBTYPE_INDICATOR
  - Definition: Indicator of subtype among exclusive subtypes of Publication.
  - Domain: Journal, Monograph, Other Publication, Book, False.
  - Business Rules: Required, Semiautomatic
- SUBTYPE_ELECTRONIC
  - Definition: Indicator if publication is of non-exclusive subtype Electronic Publication.
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Required, Semiautomatic
- SUBTYPE_PART
  - Definition: Indicator if publication is of non-exclusive subtype Part of Publication.
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Required, Semiautomatic
- ACOMPANYING_MATERIAL
  - Definition: Any subsidiary objects that accompany publication
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual, Default to Blank.
- NON_ROMAN_ALPHABET
  - Definition: Whether publication is published in non-roman characters such as Cyrillic.
  - Domain: Logical, Blank
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Blank, Confirm if True and Language is English, French, or Spanish.
- TRANSLATED_TITLE
  - Definition: English Translation of Title of non-English language publication.
  - Domain: Blank, Character string representing a title in English.
  - Business Rules: Default to blank, Optional, Manual, Not valid if not blank and LANGUAGE is English.
- US_GOV_DOC_NO
  - Definition: Number assigned by U.S. Superintendent of Documents or equivalent office to Publication.
  - Domain: Blank, Character string representing SUDOC number.
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Blank, Manual, If not blank then provide notice to user entering data that all possible additional information about document and where a copy can be located should be entered in the comment field.
- COMMENT
  - Definition: Unstructured text containing comments concerning Publication and its subtypes.
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Blank, Manual.
- LC_CALL_NO
  - Definition: Library of Congress catalog number of Publication.
  - Domain: Blank, Character string representing Library of Congress catalog number
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to blank.
Notes: An additional entity called unpublished document could have been created to deal with manuscript names and unpublished names found on specimen labels, however this would have unduly complicated the data model. The simplest solution is to slightly alter the concept of publication from the PaleoBank entity.

Entity Name: PUBLICATION_KEYWORD_ASSOCIATION

Definition: Associative Entity relating publications to keywords.
Region:Publication
Source: PaleoBank model
Primary Key: None
Foreign Keys:
- KEYWORD_ID
  - Target Entity: KEYWORD
  - Definition: A Keyword representing a concept found in Publication
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of KEYWORD
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
  - Note: The primary key of KEWORD is not a surrogate key.
- PUBLICATION_ID
  - Target Entity: PUBLICATION
  - Definition: A Publication that refers to the concept represented by Keyword
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of PUBLICATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Other Attributes: None

Entity Name: PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITY

Definition: Publishing house, university, or other organization responsible for the publication of published works or the creation of dissertations.
Region:Publication
Source: Modified from PaleoBank Entity PUBLISHER OR UNIVERSITY
Primary Key: PUBLISHER_ID
- Definition: Arbitrary unique identifier for Publisher.
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- NAME_OF_PUBLISHER
  - Definition: The name of the publishing house, university or other organization
  - Domain: Character string representing the name of an organization
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
- CITY
  - Definition: The principle city and other identifying information (such as state) where Publisher does business, or where other organizations are based
  - Domain: A character string representing a place name.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
  - Examples: London; Menlo Park, CA
Notes: A publisher that has moved its primary operations from one city to another may have more than one instance of PUBLISHER_OR_UNIVERSITY.

Entity Name: REGION

Subtype of SIMPLE_SPATIAL_OBJECT
Definition: A simple geometric region on the surface of the Earth defined by a center and either one or two linear distances.
Comments: For example: Circles, Squares, Rectangles, Ellipses.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC Model
Primary Key: SPATIAL_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of SPATIAL_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required, Inherited.
Foreign Keys:
- CENTER
  - Target Entity: LOCATION
  - Definition: The location of the center of the geometric region on the surface of the Earth
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of LOCATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- LONG_DIMENSION
  - Target Entity: 1D_LOCATION
  - Definition: The long or only linear dimension required to define Region
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of 1D_LOCATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- SHORT_DIMENSION
  - Target Entity:1D_LOCATION
  - Definition: The short linear dimension needed to define Region
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of 1D_LOCATION
  - Business Rules: Null unless kind of region is Ellipse or Rectangle, Otherwise Required
Other Attributes:
- KIND_OF_REGION
  - Definition: The type of geometric region.
  - Domain: Circle, Square, Ellipse, Rectangle, Equilateral Triangle.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Default to Circle
- BEARING_OF_LONG_DIMENSION
  - Definition: The compass bearing in degrees true of the long dimension of Region
  - Domain: Positive integers less than 361.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to 90.

Entity Name: SEA_LEVEL_CYCLE

Subtype of TEMPORAL_PERIOD
Definition: A formally or informally described interval of geologic time delineated on sequence stratigraphic principles.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- INTERVAL_NAME
  - Definition: The name of the sea level cycle in standard or non-standard notation.
  - Domain: Character String
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
  - Example: UZA-3.4
- RANK
  - Definition: The rank of the Sea Level Cycle in the hierarchy of sequence chronostratigraphic units.
  - Domain: Megacycle set, Megacycle, Supercycle Set, Supercycle, Third order cycle, Fourth order cycle, Fifth order cycle.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Picklist.
Notes: Relationships between adjacent sea level cycles are tracked through relations Between Temporal Periods and Temporal Events. Relationships between supercycles, cycles, and other elements of the hierarchy are inherent to the naming process or are tracked through recursive relationships among temporal objects.

Entity Name: SHIPMENT

Definition: The conveyance of a set of transaction items in a single container from the source agent to the receiving agent in a transaction.
Region:Transaction Management
Security: Access to Transaction management data should be limited to in-house personnel.
Source: Modified from SI model.
Primary Key: SHIPMENT_NUMBER
- Definition: A unique number assigned to each Shipment.
- Domain: Integer greater than 0
- Business Rules: Assigned serially with each Shipment starting with 1, Required, Automatic.
Foreign Keys:
- TRANSACTION_ID
  - Target Entity: TRANSACTION
  - Definition: The Transaction from which Transaction Items are being shipped in Shipment.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of Transaction.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
- AUTHORIZED_BY
  - Target Entity: AGENT
  - Definition: The person who authorized the shipment to be made.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of AGENT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
  - Note: This attribute may be omitted unless institution requires independent authorization of both a loan and its shipment.
- PACKED_BY
  - Target Entity: AGENT
  - Definition: The person who packed the shipment.
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of AGENT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- SHIPPED_VIA
  - Target Entity: AGENT
  - Definition: The Agent that was used to transport the Shipment
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of AGENT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
  - Notes: In the case of a hand carry this is the person who hand carried the Shipment.
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_OF_SHIPMENT
  - Definition: Description of the means used to transport the Shipment
  - Example Domain: Registered Mail, Registered Overseas Air Mail, Hand Carry.
  - Business Rules: Required, Semimanual, Picklist
  - Notes: Domain entries follow institutional practice.
- WEIGHT
  - Definition: The mass of the shipment including packaging in grams.
  - Domain: Null, Real Number greater than zero representing a mass in grams.
  - Business Rules: Entry and report in whatever form is most suitable for entry of postal weights (probably pounds and ounces), internal conversion to grams. Optional, Manual, Default to Null.
- SHIPPERS_TRACKING_NUMBER
  - Definition: The shipper's item number or tracking number that can be used to track the shipment or file a claim for its loss.
  - Domain: Hand Carry, Character string representing a tracking number.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.

Entity Name: SIMPLE_SPATIAL_OBJECT

Subtype of SPATIAL_OBJECT
Supertype. Subtypes are REGION, POINT
Definition: A simple geometric spatial object that can be defined with either one location or one location and one or two linear distances.
Comments: For example, Circles, Squares, Rectangles, Lines, Points.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC Model
Primary Key: SPATIAL_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of SPATIAL_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required, Inherited.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_OF_SIMPLE_SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Definition: Classification attribute
  - Domain: Region, Point.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.

Entity Name: SLAB

Subtype of LOT.
Definition: A piece of lithified rock bearing fossils.
Comments: Usually a large piece of rock bearing many fossils, often belonging to different taxa.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This model.
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of LOT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- WEIGHT
  - Definition: The mass of the slab in grams
  - Domain: Null, Positive Real Number
  - Business Rules: Optional, Manual, Default to Null.
  - Notes: Provide for conversion from standard units used within institution (e.g. pounds).
- GENERAL_DESCRIPTION
  - Definition: Brief description of the nature of the slab and the fossils on it.
  - Domain: Null, Character String
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.

Entity Name: SLIDE

Subtype of Lot
Definition: A collections object consisting of a glass or cardboard microscope slide of any size that has one or more fossils mounted on it or contained within it for inspection under a light microscope.
Comments: Includes objects such as thin sections of corals, forams loose in well slides with a removable cover glass, a diatom preparation on a glass slide with a cemented cover glass.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This Model.
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary Key of LOT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- DESCRIPTION_OF_MATERIAL
  - Definition: Brief description of the material on the slide.
  - Domain: Character String
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Pick List.
- MOUNTING_MEDIUM
  - Definition: Description of mounting medium of cover slip if known.
  - Domain: Key
  - Business Rules:
- CONDITION
  - Definition: Statement of condition of slide.
  - Domain: Character string
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Pick list with additions, Optional.
  - For example: Good condition, Broken, Delaminated, Loose Specimens, Aged Balsam.
- COVER_SLIP
  - Definition: Indicator of whether a cover glass is present on the slide
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to True, Semimanual.

Entity Name: SOURCE_OF_OLD_CATALOG_NUMBERS

Definition: The source of any non-current numbers applied to relate collections objects to data.
Region: Collections Object
Security: To maintain confidentiality of potentially sensitive donations, consider adding some means of limiting access to particular instances of this entity.
Source: This Model.
Primary Key: SOURCE_OF_OLD_CATALOG_NUMBERS_ID
- Definition: Unique arbitrary identifier for SOURCE_OF_OLD_CATALOG_NUMBERS
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys:
- SOURCE_AGENT
  - Target Entity: AGENT
  - Definition: Agent who is the source for the old catalogue or numbering scheme.
  - Domain: Unknown, Any valid primary key of AGENT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
Other Attributes:
- NAME_OF_OLD_CATALOGUE
  - Definition: A descriptive name for the old catalogue that is the source of the former catalogue numbers.
  - Domain: Character string.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
- FIRST_NUMBER
  - Definition: The first number in the old catalogue number series
  - Domain: Character string representing a catalogue number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
- LAST_NUMBER
  - Definition: The last number in the old catalogue number series
  - Domain: Character string representing a catalogue number
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
- NOTES
  - Definition: Any notes pertaining to the old Catalogue or numbering Scheme
  - Domain: Memo, Null
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
  - If the old catalogue exists, but is not housed in the repository, notes of where to locate it should be included here.
- CATALOGUE_EXTANT
  - Definition: Indicator of whether a copy of the old catalogue exists.
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.

Entity Name: SPATIAL_OBJECT

Supertype. Exclusive subtypes are: SIMPLE_SPATIAL_OBJECT and COMPLEX_SPATIAL_OBJECT
Definition: A Spatial Object defines the relationship between Earth Surface Features and lists of Locations that define the boundaries of the Earth Surface Features on or near the surface of the Earth.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model
Primary Key: SPATIAL_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Arbitrary unique identifier for Spatial Object.
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_OF_SPATIAL_OBJECT
  - Definition: Classification attribute
  - Domain: Simple, Complex.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.

Entity Name: SPECIMEN_COMPONENT

Subtype of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
Definition: Parts of individual organisms from a single collecting event that are smaller than those usually considered to be entire fossils, created from other collections objects through curatorial or preparatory action.
Comments: The ASC model gives the example of a few polyps from coral head that was collected in a dredge haul, in the present model, a bulk sample containing fossil corals could enter a collection and become a collections object of subtype bulk sample. A later preparation (sciveing and picking the bulk sample) could produce a set of new collections objects of type lot, each related to the original bulk sample. Further curatorial action could sort and identify the lots, and create a figured specimen consisting of a polyp within one coral specimen. This could result in the polyp being identified as a new collections object of subtype specimen component, existing simultaneously with the original specimen, and could also result in additional derived collections objects such as photographs. All of these collections objects are related to the original bulk sample by links through either the Contains Part of Other recursive relationship or through Curatorial Action. An incomplete fossil such as a broken snail shell would not be considered a specimen component, but preparations such as the juvenile whorls of a snail removed from the original specimen and placed on an SEM stub would be.
Region: Collections Object
Source: Modified from ASC entity SPECIMEN_COMPONENT.
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary Key of COLLECTIONS_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- DESCRIPTION_OF_COMPONENT
  - Definition: A text description of the nature of the specimen component
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required

Entity Name: STORAGE_LOCATION

Definition:The physical storage location where collections objects were last known to be located, described in a manner appropriate for a given repository.
Comments: Storage location could include a recursive hierarchy of such locations as building, room number, cabinet number, and drawer number.
Region: Collections Object
Security: Given that certain collections objects are of considerable value, it may be appropriate to restrict access to exact storage location to authorized personnel and authorized visiting researchers.
Source: ASC Model
Primary Key: STORAGE_LOCATION_ID
- Definition: An arbitrary unique identifier for Storage Location
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys:
- PARENT_STORAGE_LOCATION
  - Target Entity: STORAGE_LOCATION
  - Definition: A Storage Location within which the current instance of Storage Location can be found, or another indication of where the
  - Domain: Character string representing a storage location, Unknown, Believed Lost, Destroyed.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
  - Notes: Construct a pick list consisting of institution specific names for a place hierarchy such as [Repository Name], [Building Name], [Room Number], [Cabinet Number], [Drawer Number]. The values: Unknown, Believed Lost, Destroyed can be the Parent Storage Locations of instances of STORAGE_LOCATIONS that have child Storage Locations (this can be used to indicate that whole drawers or other containers have been lost).
Other Attributes:
- NAME_OF_STORAGE_LOCATION
  - Definition: A brief name for the Storage location
  - Domain: Character String (15) representing a location
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- NOTES
  - Definition: Notes concerning the storage location.
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional
Notes: The loan of a collections object does not change the information in this entity. In-house loans could be tracked by changing this location as well as issuing a loan, or by treating in-house loans in exactly the same manner as external loans and keeping this location unchanged and issuing a loan form that includes a note of the new location of the collections objects involved.

Entity Name: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT

Supertype. Non-exclusive subtypes are TEMPORAL_OBJECT and LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT.
Definition: A Stratigraphic Context is the time unit and/or rock unit within which collecting events can or have occurred.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: A unique arbitrary identifier for STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Domain: Key
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- IS_TEMPORAL_OBJECT
  - Definition: Classification Attribute
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required
- IS_LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
  - Definition: Classification Attribute
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required

Entity Name: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_CITATION

Subtype of CITATION
Definition: A citation in a Publication that serves as an authority for the Stratigraphic Context of a Collecting Event.
Region:Publication
Source: This model.
Primary Key: CITATION_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of CITATION
- Domain: Any valid primary key of CITATION
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- NOTES
  - Definition: Any comments regarding the citation of the stratigraphic context.
  - Domain: Null, Memo
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Null.

Entity Name: SUBSET_OF_LARGER_OBJECT

Subtype of Lot
Supertype. Subtypes are: FOSSIL_ON_GRIDDED_SLIDE, FOSSIL_ON_SLIDE_(XY), PART_OF_ASSOCIATION, FOSSIL_ON_SLAB.
Definition: A collections object that is physically part of another larger collections object
Comments: For example, particular individual fossils on slides or slabs that have many fossils on them.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This Model.
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary Key of LOT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys:
Other Attributes:
- TYPE_OF_OBJECT
  - Definition: Classification Attribute
  - Domain: Fossil on gridded slide, Fossil on slide (xy), Part of association, Fossil on Slab.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.

Entity Name: TEMPORAL_OBJECT

Subtype of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
Supertype. Exclusive subtypes are: TEMPORAL_PERIOD, TEMPORAL_EVENT
Definition: A geological age or range of geological ages.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- PARENT_TEMPORAL_OBJECT
  - Target Entity: TEMPORAL_OBJECT
  - Definition: A Temporal Object that contains the current instance of TEMPORAL_OBJECT
  - Domain: Null, Any Valid primary key of TEMPORAL_OBJECT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Optional, Default to Null
Other Attributes: None
Notes: Recursive relationship is to track relationships between Biostratigraphic Zones, Sea Level Cycles, and Geochronologic Zones, not between the subtypes of Geochronologic Zones.

Entity Name: TEMPORAL_PERIOD

Subtype of TEMPORAL_OBJECT
Supertype. Exclusive subtypes are BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC_ZONE, SEA_LEVEL_CYCLES, and GEOCHRONOLOGIC_ZONES.
Definition: A defined interval of Geologic time bounded by defined upper and lower boundaries.
Comments: All boundaries of Temporal Periods must be defined as Temporal Events.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model.
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys:
- UPPER_BOUND
  - Target Entity: TEMPORAL_EVENT
  - Definition: The Temporal Event that defines the upper boundary of Temporal Period.
  - Domain: Any Valid primary key of TEMPORAL_EVENT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- LOWER_BOUND
  - Target Entity: TEMPORAL_EVENT
  - Definition: the Temporal Event that defines the lower boundary of Temporal Period.
  - Domain: Any Valid primary key of TEMPORAL_EVENT
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
Other Attributes: None.

Entity Name: TEMPORAL_EVENT

Subtype of TEMPORAL_OBJECT
Definition: A point in geologic time.
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC model
Primary Key: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT_ID
- Definition: Inherited Primary Key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required.
Foreign Keys: None.
Other Attributes:
- GEOLOGIC_AGE_(MA)
  - Definition: The age of the temporal event in millions of years before the present.
  - Domain: Null, Real Number representing a geologic age.
  - Business Rules: Manual Optional, Default to Null, Validate by comparison with related TEMPORAL PERIODs.
- GEOLOGIC_AGE_UNCERTANTY_(MA)
  - Definition: The uncertainty on the age of the temporal event in millions of years before the present.
  - Domain: Null, Character string.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null.
- BOUNDARY_NAME
  - Definition: The name of a Temporal Event that forms a boundary of one or more Temporal Periods
  - Domain: Character String, Null.
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional, Default to Null
Notes: Both GEOLOGIC_AGE and BOUNDARY_NAME cannot be null.

Entity Name: TRAY

Subtype of Lot.
Definition: A collections object consisting of a set of specimens in a tray, box, flat or similar container.
Comments: The typical lot found in most invertebrate paleontological collections.
Region: Collections Object
Source: This Model.
Primary Key: COLLECTIONS_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited identifier from supertype
- Domain: Any Valid primary Key of LOT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Inherited
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- ACID_FREE
  - Definition: Indicator of whether the container of the Collection Object is made of acid free archival materials.
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required.
  - Notes: Unknown is not a valid entry, Containers should be checked for acidic materials if their status is not known.
- SIZE
  - Definition: The size of the container housing the collections object in units typical to the collection
  - Domain: Character string indicating size of tray or box.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual from institution specific pick list, Allow manual entry for non-standard size containers.

Entity Name: TYPE_OR_VOUCHER

Definition: Indication that a Collections Object is voucher specimen or a name bearing type specimen or lot.
Region:Taxonomy
Source: This Model
Primary Key: TYPE_SPECIMEN_NUMBER
- Definition: The repository name and type specimen number of a type or voucher specimen in the current type catalog of that repository.
- Domain: Character string (5) representing abbreviation of repository + space + character string representing a type specimen number
- Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Abbreviation of repository applied automatically, An error condition exists if a newly entered type specimen number
- Notes: In all cases this should be a unique identifier. Abbreviation of repository is right padded with spaces to a length of five. The type specimen number begins in the seventh digit in all cases. Note that specimen numbers may be combinations of numbers and letters.
Foreign Keys: None
Other Attributes:
- KIND_OF_TYPE
  - Definition: Status of type material.
  - Domain: Holotype, Syntype, Lectotype, Neotype, Paratype, Plastotype, Hypotype, Homeotype, Topotype, Other Secondary Type.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Pick List (with definitions).
- CONFIDENCE_LEVEL_OF_STATUS
  - Definition: Flag to indicate if there is some uncertainty concerning the status of a specimen as a type.
  - Domain: OK, Character string representing nature of question.
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required, Default to OK.
- T/V_CURRENT
  - Definition: True if Collections Object is a primary type of a valid and available species.
  - Domain: Logical
  - Business Rules: Manual, Required, Default to True
- T/V_REMARKS
  - Definition: Remarks concerning a type lot.
  - Domain: Memo
  - Business Rules: Manual, Optional.
Note that the primary key is not a surrogate key, as within a repository, the type specimen number is unique.

Entity Name: WELL

Supertype
Definition: A hole drilled into the surface of the earth.
Comments:
Region:Provenance
Source: Modified from POSC Model
Primary Key: SPATIAL_OBJECT_ID
- Definition: Inherited primary key of supertype
- Domain: Any valid primary key of SPATIAL_OBJECT
- Business Rules: Automatic, Required, Inherited.
Foreign Keys:
- LOCATION_OF_WELL
  - Target Entity: LOCATION
  - Definition: The location on the surface of the Earth of the well head
  - Domain: Any valid primary key of LOCATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
- LENGTH_OF_WELL_SHAFT
  - Target Entity: 1D_LOCATION
  - Definition: The total linear distance from the well head to the bottom of the well shaft.
  - Domain: Unknown, Any valid primary key of 1D_LOCATION
  - Business Rules: Semimanual, Required.
Other Attributes:
- DIP
  - Definition: For a non-vertical well, the approximate dip of the well in degrees from horizontal.
  - Domain: Vertical, Integer indicating dip.
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Vertical, Semimanual
- BEARING
  - Definition: Compass bearing indicating the direction which a non-vertical well shaft travels away from well head.
  - Domain: Null, Integer indicating bearing
  - Business Rules: Optional, Default to Null, Semimanual

Return to Overview of Model
A datamodel for Paleontological Species Occurances
All Material on this page and in associated images Copyright © Paul J. Morris, 1998. This model may be freely reproduced so long as the original copyright notice in kept intact.
Paul J. Morris mole@morris.net

18 Apr 1998